The west siphoned off a significant percentage of the skilled manpower from lebanon, syria, turkey, egypt, and jordan. By brain drain we mean largescale emigration of people with technical skills to foreign countries owing to lack of opportunities in their own country. However, better standards of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in the developed countries attract talent from less developed areas. The brain drain from developing countries a brain drain can also have benefits for home countries. Nigeria in particular is a victim of brain drain, a problem the government is yet to acknowledge until its squabbling politicians wake up to the fact that this world is a global village where every serious nation attracts the best of brain from all corners of the world. You waste your time, resources and efforts schooling such as going through the rigors of let say medical school, only for someone to refuse paying you salary, frustrate your effort, lack o.
When nigeria won the africa cup of nations, she tried to sing along to the nigerian national anthem, quickly realizing that she didnt know the words, but resolving to work harder to honor her african roots. Health care industry health, general government brain drain health aspects medical personnel physiological aspects workers. The brain drain is measured by the migration rates of iranian nationals to the us with tertiary education, including physicians and professors. Modern ghana will not be responsible or liable for any inaccurate or incorrect statements contained in this article. The causes of brain drain in nigeria studies indicate that the nigerian braindrain is the product of internal and external factors working simultaneously to push nigerians out of their country and pull them into developed nations respectively. The aim of this paper is to highlight causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan. The side effect of brain drain in globalisation economics essay. In nigeria, several challenges have been reported within the health sector, especially in training, funding, employment, and deployment of the health workforce. The essay above on causes of brain drain in developing countries is among the many you will find online at best essay writing services.
Jun 20, 2008 causes of migration and the brain drain complex push and pull factors determine the severity of the brain drain and migration for any particular country in africa. The push factors are those aspects, which force people to think about leaving his normal place of abode or move from their native country to neighbouring countries or for more distant places like united kingdom or usa. Brain drain refers to the migration of highly qualified, trained and talented persons from one country to another. Reproduction is authorised provided the authors permission is granted. Overages, the country has been held hostage in shackles and coffin of corruption in nigeria and its adverse effect on the countrymen and women, it is no longer that new corruption has become a household menace that erupts from public office holders to the floor of common man in the room, how it happens, the forms it. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Instead of staying here and saying, i want to improve my country, i will go and improve myself.
Introduction the purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an indepth analysis of the brain drain phenomenon and its implications for caribbean countries. Mar 09, 2020 causes, types, effects, and solutions to corruption in nigeria. Causes of overpopulation in nigeria and its consequences. Escalation of brain drain in nigeria from poor leadership point of view, aliyu 2005 titled an examination of the causes of brain drain in nigerian universities, okolo et al 2014 titledeffect of brain drain of librarians on service delivery in some selected nigerian. Brain drain is defined as the migration of skilled human resources in search of the better standard of living and quality of life, attractive salaries, worldclass education, opportunities for career advancement, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide sunita dodani and ronald e laporte, 2005. Ipinyomi, university of ilorin, nigeria by brain drain we are referring to an international transfer of resources in the form of human capital that is not recorded in any official balance of payments statistics. Jun 05, 2017 one of the reasons is lack of renumeration for hard work. Presentation about brain drain causes and solutions for buet english lab slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In nigeria, the causes of brain drain are multifarious.
Article pdf available in african journal of business management 67. Brain drain is the migration of skilled human resources for trade, education, etc. The economic depression of the late 80s has made work force groups particularly in the medical industry to look beyond their nose and seek for greener pasture somewhere outside their environ at all cost. In section 3 we describe existing evidence on the impact of brain drain on source countries. But when we discussed her decision to join the brain drain, we were evidently entering painful territory.
In occupations that experience a surplus of graduates, immigration of. Understanding the braindrain in the african diaspora. The brain drain problem refers to the situation where a country loses its best workers. When a human capital flight is mentioned, it would be expected that the list of 11 countries with highest brain drain contains what we like to call 3 rd world countries or poorly developed nations. In our present day nigeria, the state of socioeconomic development dictates the necessity to harness all our resources for the betterment of our people. Education migration and the brain drain britannica. The situation of everyday living in nigeria needs no further documentation. Analysis and assessment of the brain drain phenomenon. Causes of brain drain push factors pull factors low and eroding wages and salaries. The regional, national and global flow of migrates are increasing every second. Causes of migration and the brain drain complex push and pull factors determine the severity of the brain drain and migration for any particular country in africa. It is the major indicator of the future of the country.
The side effect of brain drain in globalisation economics. Nigerian doctors proffer solutions to brain drain in health. One of the era students carefully and candidly outlines her plan to contribute to nigerias brain drain, saying, i want to achieve my personal goals, become an engineer or a doctor. From the sample respondents, the researcher has found that although the causes of brain drain in ethiopia are multifaceted, the major one are poor remuneration system and political inconvenience. The causes of brain drain in nigeria studies indicate that the nigerian braindrain is the product of internal and external factors working simultaneously to push nigerians out of their country and pull them into developed nations. This perennial situation made the study to examine the factors. May 10, 2020 now that you have seen the various causes of brain drain in nigeria, i will clearly explain the divergent effects of brain drain in nigeria, if nothing is done by the nigerian government to drastically reduce it increase. The analysis starts with a simple decomposition of the brain drain in two. That is a list of the the major causes of brain drain in nigeria. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan nadia sajjad. Brain drain is defined differently by different authors, e. Bbc news sciencenature addressing nigerias brain drain.
The causes of brain drain in nigeria include poor leadership of the country, poor salary and condition of service, mass unemployment, mass poverty etc and effects of brain drain in nigeria include, backwardness of the nation in the comity of nations, shortage of manpower to mount various institutions in the country, loss of tax of migrated manpower to developed countries, loss of tax of migrated manpower to foreign countries. Notwithstanding the legitimacy or otherwise of the causes of brain drain the fact is, brain drain is causing incalculable damage to nigeria and other developing nations. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Causes, types, effects, and solutions to corruption in nigeria. According to the research, by the end of 2018, the population of nigeria will increase to 199,805,437 people. When we look at the greatest resources of every nation, it is the human resource of the country.
In recent years migration to foreign countries has declined and the primary. Brain drain causes and solutions linkedin slideshare. Leaving nigeria was a difficult decision but she argues that the lack of funding for science there left her with little choice. There are many factors which cause brain drain from the less developing countries to the highly developed countries. Aug 24, 2018 when we look at the greatest resources of every nation, it is the human resource of the country. One conspicuous example is its inability to meet up with the healthrelated aspects of the millennium development goals mdgs scheduled to lapse this year. In order to investigate its causes and characteristics, this study has examined empirical evidence on two public institutions in ethiopia. Analysis and assessment of the brain drain phenomenon and. Pull factors such as good security and better economic and social opportunities in countries that attract skilled people have essentially the same effect on skilled persons in all of.
The phenomenon refers to the departure of highly skilled individuals from organizations, industries, and. Some main types of brain drain are brain gain, brain circulation, brain waste etc. Causes of overpopulation in nigeria population growth may become a severe problem for a country, which has a lack of natural resources to cater to the needs of its inhabitants. Brain drain can be described as the process in which a country loses its most educated and talented workers to other countries through migration. Overages, the country has been held hostage in shackles and coffin of corruption in nigeria and its adverse effect on the countrymen and women, it is no longer that new corruption has become a household menace that erupts from public office holders to the floor of. Nowadays, it means the outflow of human capital from developing countries to developed countries. Alongside positive feedback effects from remittances, circular migration, and the participation of highskilled migrants in business networks, innovation, and transfers of technology, consider the effect of figure 2. Since other regions had a larger brain drain, the skill gap between africa and the rest would actually be larger in a counterfactual world of no brain drain with the same amount of skill creation. Oct 22, 2014 presentation about brain drain causes and solutions for buet english lab slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Educational systems were also affected by the widespread international migration of professionals and skilled workers that characterized the middle east. Though, it is generally agreed that the prime cause is that of selffulfillment. The brain drain clearly slows down or even stops the development of underdeveloped or developing countries who are only attractive for their low wages or natural recourses. This perennial situation made the study to examine the factors influencing brain drain among the medical personnel in nigeria, using a selected university teaching hospital complex as a case study. Effect of brain drain to africa this twentyfirst century.
Torbat in this article, the underlying forces and the extent of brain drain from iran to the united states are studied. This economic situation deeply affected the medical groups that migration became the chorus of the medical personnel. May 26, 2015 the future of nigerias health system is precarious in view of the huge challenges this single problem of brain drain contributes to the nations health sector. The viewscontents expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not neccessarily reflect those of modern ghana. Indeed, except for extreme cases, measures that restrict mobility are not the most effective responses to. For example, skilled workers in developing countries such as india or pakistan may be attracted by better rates of pay and working conditions in developed countries, such as the us and western europe. The main causes of the brain drain can be generally understood when looking at the pushpull theory. Nigerian doctors proffer solutions to brain drain in. The regions principally affected are again the least developed countries.
Immediately after the attainment of national sovereignty by nigeria from the british overloads, the problem of brain drain in nigeria wasnt as acute as it has become today. Alongside positive feedback effects from remittances, circular migration, and the participation of highskilled migrants in business networks, innovation, and transfers of. One of the reasons is lack of renumeration for hard work. Most lecturers have a good brain, but the environment to express this knowledge is not there, she told me. The main causes of brain drain in developing countries. One of the major causes of brain drain is the growing frustration among the youth and the nonavailability of opportunities in the existing social setup. Large numbers of educated persons migrated from turkey, lebanon.
Causes of overpopulation in nigeria and its consequences legit. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of the african brain drain in terms of causes, costs, and consequences. The future of nigerias health system is precarious in view of the huge challenges this single problem of brain drain contributes to the nations health sector. Abstract brain drain is the cynosure of all the eyes due to high outflow of qualified and skilled workers from pakistan. Now that you have seen the various causes of brain drain in nigeria, i will clearly explain the divergent effects of brain drain in nigeria, if nothing is done by the nigerian government to drastically reduce it increase. Mar 31, 2008 but when we discussed her decision to join the brain drain, we were evidently entering painful territory. Human capital flight refers to the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home. Nigeria has one of the largest stocks of human resources for health hrh in africa but, like the other 57 hrh crisis countries, has densities of nurses, midwives and doctors that are still too low to effectively deliver essential health services 1. Causes of brain drain and possible solutions nigeria news. To put an end to brain drain in the health sector, the nigerian government has been advised to provide more funds, emoluments and incentives for medical practitioners.
Causes and effects of brain drain in nigeria research cyber. According to the international organization for migration iom, africa has already lost one third of. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan. Causes of brain drain the major causes of brain drain can be looked into as pull and push factors. The two types of factors are mainly due to economic reasons, and also domestic. The net benefits of human capital flight for the receiving country are sometimes referred to as a brain gain whereas the net costs for the sending country are sometimes referred to as a brain drain. A study of factors influencing brain drain among medical. What is the effect of brain drain in nigeria economy. Corruption in nigeria causes, types, effects, and solutions.
Reassessing the impacts of brain drain on developing countries. Causes and characteristics of brain drain in ethiopia. Ethiopia ranked first in the continent in terms of rate of loss of human capital, followed by nigeria and ghana. Oct 18, 2004 one of the major causes of brain drain is the growing frustration among the youth and the nonavailability of opportunities in the existing social setup. Find free essays online and other academic research papers like the one above on the causes of brain drain in developing countries on this blog. Over the past 1015 years, about 50% of ethiopians who went abroad for training did not return after. If brain drain is not always bad, then limiting the movement of highly skilled people may not be necessary. Causes of increased brain drain in developing countries. Brain drain is also simply described as human capital flight. The brain drain from iran to the united states akbar e. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in.
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